Any motion which repeats itself in equal interval of time is called a periodic or harmonic motion. For-example, the motion of the planets around the sun, the motion of the satellites around their corresponding planets, the motion of flywheel in a machine etc are some examples of periodic or harmonic motion. If the particles in the periodic motion move back and forth, the motion is called oscillatory or vibratory motion. We have a lot of examples of oscillatory or vibratory motion. For example, the motion of pendulum of a pendulum clock, the motion of balance wheel of a watch, the motion of air molecules when sound travel through air, the motion of the atom in molecules, the motion of the strings of a guitar or violent etc are examples of vibratory motion. Similarly the variation of electric and magnetic fields vectors in electromagnetic waves such as light waves, microwaves, radio waves etc are also vibratory motions.
One of the common properties of all the vibratory motion is that they can be expressed as a sine or cosine function of time.
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